1. Domus Civita, Italy
2. Proto-Kaingang, towns of the Taquara Tradition or People of the Underground Houses
For over 3,000 years, the Proto-Kaingang, ancestors of the Kaingang people, thrived in the highlands of southern Brazil by building underground houses to withstand the region’s harsh winters. Known as the Taquara Tradition or the People of the Underground Houses, they insulated their dwellings with compacted clay to resist strong, icy winds. Since the 1960s, archaeologists have studied these unique structures across São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Today, the Kaingang people, one of Brazil’s 305 Indigenous ethnic groups, continue to preserve their rich heritage, offering a glimpse into the country’s deep Indigenous history.
Cave pool, Santorini, Greece
3. Caves in Nottingham, England
4. Hillside Home, Vals, Switzerland
5. Cave homes, Cappadocia, Turkey
6. Rock houses, Iceland
7. A hogan in Arizona
8. Matmata village, Tunisia
9. Bad Blumau, Austria
10. Dune House, Atlantic Beach
11. Beckham Creek Cave Lodge, Parthenon, Arkansas
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12. Aloni house, Antiparos Island, Greece
